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英語語法術(shù)語（中英對照）

語法 grammar

句法 syntax

詞法 morphology

句子 sentence

從句 clause

詞組 phrase

詞類 part of speech

單詞 word

實(shí)詞 notional word

虛詞 structural word

單純詞 simple word

派生詞 derivative

復(fù)合詞 compound

詞性 part of speech

名詞 noun

專有名詞 proper noun

普通名詞 common noun

可數(shù)名詞 countable noun

不可數(shù)名詞 uncountable noun

抽象名詞 abstract noun

具體名詞 concrete noun

物質(zhì)名詞 material noun

集體名詞 collective noun

個(gè)體名詞 individual noun

介詞 preposition

連詞 conjunction

動(dòng)詞 verb

主動(dòng)詞 main verb

及物動(dòng)詞 transitive verb

不及物動(dòng)詞 intransitive verb

系動(dòng)詞 link verb

助動(dòng)詞 auxiliary verb

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 modal verb

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 regular verb

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 irregular verb

短語動(dòng)詞 phrasal verb

限定動(dòng)詞 finite verb

非限定動(dòng)詞 infinite verb

使役動(dòng)詞 causative verb

感官動(dòng)詞 verb of senses

動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞 event verb

靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞 state verb

感嘆詞 exclamation

形容詞 adjective

原級 positive

比較級 comparative

最高級 superalative

副詞 adverb

方式副詞 adverb of manner

程度副詞 adverb of degree

時(shí)間副詞 adverb of time

地點(diǎn)副詞 adverb of place

修飾性副詞 adjunct

連接性副詞 conjunct

疑問副詞 interogative adverb

關(guān)系副詞 relative adverb

代詞 pronoun

人稱代詞 personal pronoun

物主代詞 possesive pronoun

反身代詞 reflexive pronoun

相互代詞 reciprocal pronoun

指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun

疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun

關(guān)系代詞 relative pronoun

不定代詞 indefinite pronoun

物主代詞 possecive pronoun

名詞性物主代詞 nominal possesive prnoun

形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possesive pronoun

冠詞 article

定冠詞 definite article

不定冠詞 indefinite article

數(shù)詞 numeral

基數(shù)詞 cardinal numeral

序數(shù)詞 ordinal numeral

分?jǐn)?shù)詞 fractional numeral

形式 form

單數(shù)形式 singular form

復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form

限定動(dòng)詞 finite verb form

非限定動(dòng)詞 non-finite verb form

原形 base form
從句 clause

從屬句 subordinate clause

并列句 coordinate clause

名詞從句 nominal clause

定語從句 attributive clause

狀語從句 adverbial clause

賓語從句 object clause

主語從句 subject clause

同位語從句 appositive clause

時(shí)間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time

地點(diǎn)狀語從句 adverbial clause of place

方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner

讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession

原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause

結(jié)果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result

目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose

條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition

真實(shí)條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition

非真實(shí)條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

錯(cuò)綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence

簡單句 simple sentence

并列句 compound sentence

復(fù)合句 complex sentence

并列復(fù)合句 compound complex sentence

陳述句 declarative sentence

疑問句 interrogative sentence

一般疑問句 general question

特殊疑問句 special question

選擇疑問句 alternative question

附加疑問句 tag question

反義疑問句 disjunctive question

修辭疑問句 rhetorical question

感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question

存在句 existential sentence

肯定句 positive sentence

基本句型 basic sentence pattern

否定句 negative sentence

祈使句 imperative sentence

省略句 elliptical sentence

感嘆句 exclamatory sentence

句子成分 members of sentences

主語 subject

謂語 predicate

賓語 object

雙賓語 dual object

直接賓語 direct object

間接賓語 indirect object

復(fù)合賓語 complex object

同源賓語 cognate object

補(bǔ)語 complement

主補(bǔ) subject complement

賓補(bǔ) object complement

表語 predicative

定語 attribute

同位語 appositive

狀語 adverbial

句法關(guān)系 syntactic relationship

并列 coordinate

從屬 subordination

修飾 modification

前置修飾 pre-modification

后置修飾 post-modification

限制 restriction

雙重限制 double-restriction

非限制 non-restriction

數(shù) number

單數(shù)形式 singular form

復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form

規(guī)則形式 regular form

不規(guī)則形式 irregular form

格 case

普通格 common case

所有格 possessive case

主格 nominative case

賓格 objective case

性 gender

陽性 masculine

陰性 feminine

通性 common

中性 neuter

人稱 person

第一人稱 first person

第二人稱 second person

過去將來時(shí) past future tense

過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí) past future continuous tense

過去將來完成時(shí) past future perfect tense

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) present simple tense

一般過去時(shí) past simple tense

一般將來時(shí) future simple tense

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) present perfect tense

過去完成時(shí) past perfect tense

將來完成時(shí) future perfect tense

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) present continuous tense

過去進(jìn)行時(shí) past continuous tense

將來進(jìn)行時(shí) future continuous tense

過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí) past future continuous tense

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) present perfect continuous tense

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) past perfect continuous tense

語態(tài) voice

主動(dòng)語態(tài) active voice

被動(dòng)語態(tài) passive voice

語氣 mood

陳述語氣 indicative mood

祈使語氣 imperative mood

虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood

否定 negation

否定范圍 scope of negation

全部否定 full negation

局部否定 partial negation

轉(zhuǎn)移否定 shift of negation

語序 order

自然語序 natural order

倒裝語序 inversion

全部倒裝 full inversion

部分倒裝 partial inversion

直接引語 direct speech

間接引語 indirect speech

自由直接引語 free direct speech

自由間接引語 free indirect speech

一致 agreement

主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement

語法一致 grammatical agreement

概念一致 notional agreement

就近原則 principle of proximity

強(qiáng)調(diào) emphasis

重復(fù) repetition

語音 pronunciation

語調(diào) tone

升調(diào) rising tone

降調(diào) falling tone

降升調(diào) falling-rising tone

文體 style

結(jié)構(gòu) structure

層次 rank

正式文體 formal

非正式文體 informal

口語 spoken/oral English

套語 formulistic expression

用法 usage

感情色彩 emotional coloring

褒義 commendatory

貶義 derogatory

幽默 humorous

諷刺 sarcastic

挖苦 ironic

英國英語 British English

美國英語 American English

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